VERB
Berikut beberapa catatan saya, dan hasil analisis saya mengenai verb dalam bahasa inggris, dalam bahasa inggris kita tentu sering kita mendengar istilah kata kerja (verb) 1, 2, 3,dan bahkan 4. Adapun contoh-contoh Verb 1 s/d 4 dapat dilihat dalam tabel sebagai berikut:| Present simple |
Past Simple
|
Past Participle
|
Present Participle / Gerund
|
Abide
|
Abode/Abided
|
Abode/Abided/Abidden
|
Abiding
|
Alight
|
Alit/Alighted
|
Alit/Alighted
|
Alighting
|
Arise
|
Arose
|
Arisen
|
Arising
|
Awake
|
Awoke
|
Awoken
|
Awaking
|
Be
|
Was/Were
|
Been
|
Being
|
Bear
|
Bore
|
Born/Borne
|
Bearing
|
Beat
|
Beat
|
Beaten
|
Beating
|
Become
|
Became
|
Become
|
Becoming
|
Begin
|
Began
|
Begun
|
Beginning
|
Behold
|
Beheld
|
Beheld
|
Beholding
|
Bend
|
Bent
|
Bent
|
Bending
|
Bet
|
Bet
|
Bet
|
Betting
|
Bid
|
Bade
|
Bidden
|
Bidding
|
Bid
|
Bid
|
Bid
|
Bidding
|
Bind
|
Bound
|
Bound
|
Binding
|
Bite
|
Bit
|
Bitten
|
Biting
|
Bleed
|
Bled
|
Bled
|
Bleeding
|
Blow
|
Blew
|
Blown
|
Blowing
|
Break
|
Broke
|
Broken
|
Breaking
|
Breed
|
Bred
|
Bred
|
Breeding
|
Bring
|
Brought
|
Brought
|
Bringing
|
Broadcast
|
Broadcast/Broadcasted
|
Broadcast/Broadcasted
|
Broadcasting
|
Build
|
Built
|
Built
|
Building
|
Burn
|
Burnt/Burned
|
Burnt/Burned
|
Burning
|
Burst
|
Burst
|
Burst
|
Bursting
|
Bust
|
Bust
|
Bust
|
Busting
|
Buy
|
Bought
|
Bought
|
Buying
|
Cast
|
Cast
|
Cast
|
Casting
|
Catch
|
Caught
|
Caught
|
Catching
|
Choose
|
Chose
|
Chosen
|
Choosing
|
Clap
|
Clapped/Clapt
|
Clapped/Clapt
|
Clapping
|
Cling
|
Clung
|
Clung
|
Clinging
|
Clothe
|
Clad/Clothed
|
Clad/Clothed
|
Clothing
|
Come
|
Came
|
Come
|
Coming
|
Cost
|
Cost
|
Cost
|
Costing
|
Creep
|
Crept
|
Crept
|
Creeping
|
Cut
|
Cut
|
Cut
|
Cutting
|
Dare
|
Dared/Durst
|
Dared
|
Daring
|
Deal
|
Dealt
|
Dealt
|
Dealing
|
Dig
|
Dug
|
Dug
|
Digging
|
Dive
|
Dived/Dove
|
Dived
|
Diving
|
Do
|
Did
|
Done
|
Doing
|
Draw
|
Drew
|
Drawn
|
Drawing
|
Dream
|
Dreamt/Dreamed
|
Dreamt/Dreamed
|
Dreaming
|
Drink
|
Drank
|
Drunk
|
Drinking
|
Drive
|
Drove
|
Driven
|
Driving
|
Dwell
|
Dwelt
|
Dwelt
|
Dwelling
|
Eat
|
Ate
|
Eaten
|
Eating
|
Fall
|
Fell
|
Fallen
|
Falling
|
Feed
|
Fed
|
Fed
|
Feeding
|
Feel
|
Felt
|
Felt
|
Feeling
|
Fight
|
Fought
|
Fought
|
Fighting
|
Find
|
Found
|
Found
|
Finding
|
Fit
|
Fit/Fitted
|
Fit/Fitted
|
Fitting
|
Flee
|
Fled
|
Fled
|
Fleeing
|
Fling
|
Flung
|
Flung
|
Flinging
|
Fly
|
Flew
|
Flown
|
Flying
|
Forbid
|
Forbade/Forbad
|
Forbidden
|
Forbidding
|
Forecast
|
Forecast/Forecasted
|
Forecast/Forecasted
|
Forecasting
|
Foresee
|
Foresaw
|
Foreseen
|
Foreseeing
|
Foretell
|
Foretold
|
Foretold
|
Foretelling
|
Forget
|
Forgot
|
Forgotten
|
Foregetting
|
Forgive
|
Forgave
|
Forgiven
|
Forgiving
|
Forsake
|
Forsook
|
Forsaken
|
Forsaking
|
Freeze
|
Froze
|
Frozen
|
Freezing
|
Frostbite
|
Frostbit
|
Frostbitten
|
Frostbiting
|
Get
|
Got
|
Got/Gotten
|
Getting
|
Give
|
Gave
|
Given
|
Giving
|
Go
|
Went
|
Gone/Been
|
Going
|
Grind
|
Ground
|
Ground
|
Grinding
|
Grow
|
Grew
|
Grown
|
Growing
|
Handwrite
|
Handwrote
|
Handwritten
|
Handwriting
|
Hang
|
Hung/Hanged
|
Hung/Hanged
|
Hanging
|
Have
|
Had
|
Had
|
Having
|
Hear
|
Heard
|
Heard
|
Hearing
|
Hide
|
Hid
|
Hidden
|
Hiding
|
Hit
|
Hit
|
Hit
|
Hitting
|
Hold
|
Held
|
Held
|
Holding
|
Hurt
|
Hurt
|
Hurt
|
Hurting
|
Inlay
|
Inlaid
|
Inlaid
|
Inlaying
|
Input
|
Input/Inputted
|
Input/Inputted
|
Inputting
|
Interlay
|
Interlaid
|
Interlaid
|
Interlaying
|
Keep
|
Kept
|
Kept
|
Keeping
|
Kneel
|
Knelt/Kneeled
|
Knelt/Kneeled
|
Kneeling
|
Knit
|
Knit/Knitted
|
Knit/Knitted
|
Knitting
|
Know
|
Knew
|
Known
|
Knowing
|
Lay
|
Laid
|
Laid
|
laying
|
Lead
|
Led
|
Led
|
Leading
|
Lean
|
Leant/Leaned
|
Leant/Leaned
|
Leaning
|
Leap
|
Leapt/Leaped
|
Leapt/Leaped
|
Leaping
|
Learn
|
Learnt/Learned
|
Learnt/Learned
|
Learning
|
Leave
|
Left
|
Left
|
Leaving
|
Lend
|
Lent
|
Lent
|
Lending
|
Let
|
Let
|
Let
|
Letting
|
Lie
|
Lay
|
Lain
|
Lying
|
Light
|
Lit
|
Lit
|
Lighting
|
Lose
|
Lost
|
Lost
|
Losing
|
Make
|
Made
|
Made
|
Making
|
Mean
|
Meant
|
Meant
|
Meaning
|
Meet
|
Met
|
Met
|
Meeting
|
Melt
|
Melted
|
Molten/Melted
|
Melting
|
Mislead
|
Misled
|
Misled
|
Misleading
|
Mistake
|
Mistook
|
Mistaken
|
Mistaking
|
Misunderstand
|
Misunderstood
|
Misunderstood
|
Misunderstanding
|
Miswed
|
Miswed/Miswedded
|
Miswed/Miswedded
|
Miswedding
|
Mow
|
Mowed
|
Mown
|
Mowing
|
Overdraw
|
Overdrew
|
Overdrawn
|
Overdrawing
|
Overhear
|
Overheard
|
Overheard
|
Overhearing
|
Overtake
|
Overtook
|
Overtaken
|
Overtaking
|
Pay
|
Paid
|
Paid
|
Paying
|
Preset
|
Preset
|
Preset
|
Presetting
|
Prove
|
Proved
|
Proven/Proved
|
Proving
|
Put
|
Put
|
Put
|
Putting
|
Quit
|
Quit
|
Quit
|
Quitting
|
Re-prove
|
Re-proved
|
Re-proven/Re-proved
|
Re-proving
|
Read
|
Read
|
Read
|
Reading
|
Rid
|
Rid/Ridded
|
Rid/Ridded
|
Ridding
|
Ride
|
Rode
|
Ridden
|
Riding
|
Ring
|
Rang
|
Rung
|
Ringing
|
Rise
|
Rose
|
Risen
|
Rising
|
Rive
|
Rived
|
Riven/Rived
|
Riving
|
Run
|
Ran
|
Run
|
Running
|
Saw
|
Sawed
|
Sawn/Sawed
|
Sawing
|
Say
|
Said
|
Said
|
Saying
|
See
|
Saw
|
Seen
|
Seeing
|
Seek
|
Sought
|
Sought
|
Seeking
|
Sell
|
Sold
|
Sold
|
Selling
|
Send
|
Sent
|
Sent
|
Sending
|
Set
|
Set
|
Set
|
Setting
|
Sew
|
Sewed
|
Sewn/Sewed
|
Sewing
|
Shake
|
Shook
|
Shaken
|
Shaking
|
Shave
|
Shaved
|
Shaven/Shaved
|
Shaving
|
Shear
|
Shore/Sheared
|
Shorn/Sheared
|
Shearing
|
Shed
|
Shed
|
Shed
|
Shedding
|
Shine
|
Shone
|
Shone
|
Shining
|
Shoe
|
Shod
|
Shod
|
Shoeing
|
Shoot
|
Shot
|
Shot
|
Shooting
|
Show
|
Showed
|
Shown
|
Showing
|
Shrink
|
Shrank
|
Shrunk
|
Shrinking
|
Shut
|
Shut
|
Shut
|
Shutting
|
Sing
|
Sang
|
Sung
|
Singing
|
Sink
|
Sank
|
Sunk
|
Sinking
|
Sit
|
Sat
|
Sat
|
Sitting
|
Slay
|
Slew
|
Slain
|
Slaying
|
Sleep
|
Slept
|
Slept
|
Sleeping
|
Slide
|
Slid
|
Slid/Slidden
|
Sliding
|
Sling
|
Slung
|
Slung
|
Slinging
|
Slink
|
Slunk
|
Slunk
|
Slinking
|
Slit
|
Slit
|
Slit
|
Slitting
|
Smell
|
Smelt/Smelled
|
Smelt/Smelled
|
Smelling
|
Sneak
|
Sneaked/Snuck
|
Sneaked/Snuck
|
Sneaking
|
Soothsay
|
Soothsaid
|
Soothsaid
|
Soothsaying
|
Sow
|
Sowed
|
Sown
|
Sowing
|
Speak
|
Spoke
|
Spoken
|
Speaking
|
Speed
|
Sped/Speeded
|
Sped/Speeded
|
Speeding
|
Spell
|
Spelt/Spelled
|
Spelt/Spelled
|
Spelling
|
Spend
|
Spent
|
Spent
|
Spending
|
Spill
|
Spilt/Spilled
|
Spilt/Spilled
|
Spilling
|
Spin
|
Span/Spun
|
Spun
|
Spinning
|
Spit
|
Spat/Spit
|
Spat/Spit
|
Spitting
|
Split
|
Split
|
Split
|
Splitting
|
Spoil
|
Spoilt/Spoiled
|
Spoilt/Spoiled
|
Spoiling
|
Spread
|
Spread
|
Spread
|
Spreading
|
Spring
|
Sprang
|
Sprung
|
Springing
|
Stand
|
Stood
|
Stood
|
Standing
|
Steal
|
Stole
|
Stolen
|
Stealing
|
Stick
|
Stuck
|
Stuck
|
Sticking
|
Sting
|
Stung
|
Stung
|
Stinging
|
Stink
|
Stank
|
Stunk
|
Stinking
|
Stride
|
Strode/Strided
|
Stridden
|
Striding
|
Strike
|
Struck
|
Struck/Stricken
|
Striking
|
String
|
Strung
|
Strung
|
Stringing
|
Strip
|
Stript/Stripped
|
Stript/Stripped
|
Stripping
|
Strive
|
Strove
|
Striven
|
Striving
|
Sublet
|
Sublet
|
Sublet
|
Subletting
|
Sunburn
|
Sunburned/Sunburnt
|
Sunburned/Sunburnt
|
Sunburning
|
Swear
|
Swore
|
Sworn
|
Swearing
|
Sweat
|
Sweat/Sweated
|
Sweat/Sweated
|
Sweating
|
Sweep
|
Swept/Sweeped
|
Swept/Sweeped
|
Sweeping
|
Swell
|
Swelled
|
Swollen
|
Swelling
|
Swim
|
Swam
|
Swum
|
Swimming
|
Swing
|
Swung
|
Swung
|
Swinging
|
Take
|
Took
|
Taken
|
Taking
|
Teach
|
Taught
|
Taught
|
Teaching
|
Tear
|
Tore
|
Torn
|
Tearing
|
Tell
|
Told
|
Told
|
Telling
|
Think
|
Thought
|
Thought
|
Thinking
|
Thrive
|
Throve/Thrived
|
Thriven/Thrived
|
Thriving
|
Throw
|
Threw
|
Thrown
|
Throwing
|
Thrust
|
Thrust
|
Thrust
|
Thrusting
|
Tread
|
Trod
|
Trodden
|
Treading
|
Undergo
|
Underwent
|
Undergone
|
Undergoing
|
Understand
|
Understood
|
Understood
|
Understanding
|
Undertake
|
Undertook
|
Undertaken
|
Undertaking
|
Upsell
|
Upsold
|
Upsold
|
Upselling
|
Upset
|
Upset
|
Upset
|
Upsetting
|
Vex
|
Vext/Vexed
|
Vext/Vexed
|
Vexing
|
Wake
|
Woke
|
Woken
|
Waking
|
Wear
|
Wore
|
Worn
|
Wearing
|
Weave
|
Wove
|
Woven
|
Weaving
|
Wed
|
Wed/Wedded
|
Wed/Wedded
|
Wedding
|
Weep
|
Wept
|
Wept
|
Weeping
|
Wend
|
Wended/Went
|
Wended/Went
|
Wending
|
Wet
|
Wet/Wetted
|
Wet/Wetted
|
Wetting
|
Win
|
Won
|
Won
|
Winning
|
Wind
|
Wound
|
Wound
|
Winding
|
Withdraw
|
Withdrew
|
Withdrawn
|
Withdrawing
|
Withhold
|
Withheld
|
Withheld
|
Withholding
|
Withstand
|
Withstood
|
Withstood
|
Withstanding
|
Wring
|
Wrung
|
Wrung
|
Wringing
|
Write
|
Wrote
|
Written
|
Writing
|
Zinc
|
Zinced/Zincked
|
Zinced/Zincked
|
Zincking
|
Berikut beberapa catatan saya tentang penggunaan verbs tersebut
Verb 1 (infinitive/present simple)
Infinitive atau verb 1 merupakan kata kerja dapat digunakan untuk mengungkapkan pekerjaan yang dilakukan pada masa sekarang/ atau pekerjaan yang dilakukan secara rutin, berikut beberapa tempat penggunaan verb ini:
Mengungkapkan pekerjaan yang dilakukan pada masa sekarang / secara rutin
Sebagai contoh:
- Andi goes to school everyday
- Iwan and I read a newspaper in the office
Jika verb di dahului oleh kata kerja modal (can, must, will, could, ought to, would, have to)
Sebagai contoh:
- You must go now to my house
- Andy will book the ticket tomorrow
- I would go when you came yesterday
Verb 2 (Past simple)
Past simple digunakan untuk mengungkapkan pekerjaan atau perbuatan yang telah dilakukan masa lampau, dan penggunaan Verb 2 hanya terbatas untuk mengungkapkan kegiatan masa lampau,
Contoh penggunaan verb 2 adalah sebagai beriikut:
- Andy and his friends went to Senggigi beach yesterday
- Maulana wrote his paper one hour ago
Verb 3 (Past participle)
Past participle digunakan untuk menyatakan pekerjaan yang sudah lampau dan masih dikerjakan hingga sekarang. Berikut beberapa tempat penggunaan verb 3:
Mengungkapkan pekerjaan masa lampau dan masih dikerjakan hingga sekarang
Untuk menggunakan past participle pada kondisi ini, maka membutuhkan tambahan kata kerja auxiliary (have/has, had). Berikut beberapa contoh penggunaannya:
- I had gone to Gili Air when you came to my house
- I have drawn this picture for three hours
- He has been sitting there for five hours
Mengungkapkan kalimat pasif (passive voice)
Penggunaan verb 3 untuk passive voice membutuhkan tambahan kata kerja auxiliary (am, is, are, was, were). Berikut beberapa contoh penggunaan V3 untuk passive voice:
- I was visited by her last night
- You are invited by him to discussion session
Verb 4 (Present participle/gerund)
Present participle digunakan untuk mengungkapkan pekerjaan yang sedang berlangsung saat ini/pekerjaan yang sedang dikerjakan untuk menggunakan present participle ini dibutuhkan tambahan kata kerja auxiliary (am, is, are, were, was, be, been). berikut contoh penggunaan present participle
- She is reading a book in the library
- They are waiting for you now
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