Kata kerja dalam bahasa inggris (Contoh dan tempat penggunaannya)

 VERB

Berikut beberapa catatan saya, dan hasil analisis saya mengenai verb dalam bahasa inggris, dalam bahasa inggris kita tentu sering kita mendengar istilah  kata kerja (verb) 1, 2, 3,dan bahkan 4. Adapun contoh-contoh Verb 1 s/d 4 dapat dilihat dalam tabel sebagai berikut:

Present simple	Past Simple	Past Participle	Present Participle / Gerund
Abide	Abode/Abided	Abode/Abided/Abidden	Abiding
Alight	Alit/Alighted	Alit/Alighted	Alighting
Arise	Arose	Arisen	Arising
Awake	Awoke	Awoken	Awaking
Be	Was/Were	Been	Being
Bear	Bore	Born/Borne	Bearing
Beat	Beat	Beaten	Beating
Become	Became	Become	Becoming
Begin	Began	Begun	Beginning
Behold	Beheld	Beheld	Beholding
Bend	Bent	Bent	Bending
Bet	Bet	Bet	Betting
Bid	Bade	Bidden	Bidding
Bid	Bid	Bid	Bidding
Bind	Bound	Bound	Binding
Bite	Bit	Bitten	Biting
Bleed	Bled	Bled	Bleeding
Blow	Blew	Blown	Blowing
Break	Broke	Broken	Breaking
Breed	Bred	Bred	Breeding
Bring	Brought	Brought	Bringing
Broadcast	Broadcast/Broadcasted	Broadcast/Broadcasted	Broadcasting
Build	Built	Built	Building
Burn	Burnt/Burned	Burnt/Burned	Burning
Burst	Burst	Burst	Bursting
Bust	Bust	Bust	Busting
Buy	Bought	Bought	Buying
Cast	Cast	Cast	Casting
Catch	Caught	Caught	Catching
Choose	Chose	Chosen	Choosing
Clap	Clapped/Clapt	Clapped/Clapt	Clapping
Cling	Clung	Clung	Clinging
Clothe	Clad/Clothed	Clad/Clothed	Clothing
Come	Came	Come	Coming
Cost	Cost	Cost	Costing
Creep	Crept	Crept	Creeping
Cut	Cut	Cut	Cutting
Dare	Dared/Durst	Dared	Daring
Deal	Dealt	Dealt	Dealing
Dig	Dug	Dug	Digging
Dive	Dived/Dove	Dived	Diving
Do	Did	Done	Doing
Draw	Drew	Drawn	Drawing
Dream	Dreamt/Dreamed	Dreamt/Dreamed	Dreaming
Drink	Drank	Drunk	Drinking
Drive	Drove	Driven	Driving
Dwell	Dwelt	Dwelt	Dwelling
Eat	Ate	Eaten	Eating
Fall	Fell	Fallen	Falling
Feed	Fed	Fed	Feeding
Feel	Felt	Felt	Feeling
Fight	Fought	Fought	Fighting
Find	Found	Found	Finding
Fit	Fit/Fitted	Fit/Fitted	Fitting
Flee	Fled	Fled	Fleeing
Fling	Flung	Flung	Flinging
Fly	Flew	Flown	Flying
Forbid	Forbade/Forbad	Forbidden	Forbidding
Forecast	Forecast/Forecasted	Forecast/Forecasted	Forecasting
Foresee	Foresaw	Foreseen	Foreseeing
Foretell	Foretold	Foretold	Foretelling
Forget	Forgot	Forgotten	Foregetting
Forgive	Forgave	Forgiven	Forgiving
Forsake	Forsook	Forsaken	Forsaking
Freeze	Froze	Frozen	Freezing
Frostbite	Frostbit	Frostbitten	Frostbiting
Get	Got	Got/Gotten	Getting
Give	Gave	Given	Giving
Go	Went	Gone/Been	Going
Grind	Ground	Ground	Grinding
Grow	Grew	Grown	Growing
Handwrite	Handwrote	Handwritten	Handwriting
Hang	Hung/Hanged	Hung/Hanged	Hanging
Have	Had	Had	Having
Hear	Heard	Heard	Hearing
Hide	Hid	Hidden	Hiding
Hit	Hit	Hit	Hitting
Hold	Held	Held	Holding
Hurt	Hurt	Hurt	Hurting
Inlay	Inlaid	Inlaid	Inlaying
Input	Input/Inputted	Input/Inputted	Inputting
Interlay	Interlaid	Interlaid	Interlaying
Keep	Kept	Kept	Keeping
Kneel	Knelt/Kneeled	Knelt/Kneeled	Kneeling
Knit	Knit/Knitted	Knit/Knitted	Knitting
Know	Knew	Known	Knowing
Lay	Laid	Laid	laying
Lead	Led	Led	Leading
Lean	Leant/Leaned	Leant/Leaned	Leaning
Leap	Leapt/Leaped	Leapt/Leaped	Leaping
Learn	Learnt/Learned	Learnt/Learned	Learning
Leave	Left	Left	Leaving
Lend	Lent	Lent	Lending
Let	Let	Let	Letting
Lie	Lay	Lain	Lying
Light	Lit	Lit	Lighting
Lose	Lost	Lost	Losing
Make	Made	Made	Making
Mean	Meant	Meant	Meaning
Meet	Met	Met	Meeting
Melt	Melted	Molten/Melted	Melting
Mislead	Misled	Misled	Misleading
Mistake	Mistook	Mistaken	Mistaking
Misunderstand	Misunderstood	Misunderstood	Misunderstanding
Miswed	Miswed/Miswedded	Miswed/Miswedded	Miswedding
Mow	Mowed	Mown	Mowing
Overdraw	Overdrew	Overdrawn	Overdrawing
Overhear	Overheard	Overheard	Overhearing
Overtake	Overtook	Overtaken	Overtaking
Pay	Paid	Paid	Paying
Preset	Preset	Preset	Presetting
Prove	Proved	Proven/Proved	Proving
Put	Put	Put	Putting
Quit	Quit	Quit	Quitting
Re-prove	Re-proved	Re-proven/Re-proved	Re-proving
Read	Read	Read	Reading
Rid	Rid/Ridded	Rid/Ridded	Ridding
Ride	Rode	Ridden	Riding
Ring	Rang	Rung	Ringing
Rise	Rose	Risen	Rising
Rive	Rived	Riven/Rived	Riving
Run	Ran	Run	Running
Saw	Sawed	Sawn/Sawed	Sawing
Say	Said	Said	Saying
See	Saw	Seen	Seeing
Seek	Sought	Sought	Seeking
Sell	Sold	Sold	Selling
Send	Sent	Sent	Sending
Set	Set	Set	Setting
Sew	Sewed	Sewn/Sewed	Sewing
Shake	Shook	Shaken	Shaking
Shave	Shaved	Shaven/Shaved	Shaving
Shear	Shore/Sheared	Shorn/Sheared	Shearing
Shed	Shed	Shed	Shedding
Shine	Shone	Shone	Shining
Shoe	Shod	Shod	Shoeing
Shoot	Shot	Shot	Shooting
Show	Showed	Shown	Showing
Shrink	Shrank	Shrunk	Shrinking
Shut	Shut	Shut	Shutting
Sing	Sang	Sung	Singing
Sink	Sank	Sunk	Sinking
Sit	Sat	Sat	Sitting
Slay	Slew	Slain	Slaying
Sleep	Slept	Slept	Sleeping
Slide	Slid	Slid/Slidden	Sliding
Sling	Slung	Slung	Slinging
Slink	Slunk	Slunk	Slinking
Slit	Slit	Slit	Slitting
Smell	Smelt/Smelled	Smelt/Smelled	Smelling
Sneak	Sneaked/Snuck	Sneaked/Snuck	Sneaking
Soothsay	Soothsaid	Soothsaid	Soothsaying
Sow	Sowed	Sown	Sowing
Speak	Spoke	Spoken	Speaking
Speed	Sped/Speeded	Sped/Speeded	Speeding
Spell	Spelt/Spelled	Spelt/Spelled	Spelling
Spend	Spent	Spent	Spending
Spill	Spilt/Spilled	Spilt/Spilled	Spilling
Spin	Span/Spun	Spun	Spinning
Spit	Spat/Spit	Spat/Spit	Spitting
Split	Split	Split	Splitting
Spoil	Spoilt/Spoiled	Spoilt/Spoiled	Spoiling
Spread	Spread	Spread	Spreading
Spring	Sprang	Sprung	Springing
Stand	Stood	Stood	Standing
Steal	Stole	Stolen	Stealing
Stick	Stuck	Stuck	Sticking
Sting	Stung	Stung	Stinging
Stink	Stank	Stunk	Stinking
Stride	Strode/Strided	Stridden	Striding
Strike	Struck	Struck/Stricken	Striking
String	Strung	Strung	Stringing
Strip	Stript/Stripped	Stript/Stripped	Stripping
Strive	Strove	Striven	Striving
Sublet	Sublet	Sublet	Subletting
Sunburn	Sunburned/Sunburnt	Sunburned/Sunburnt	Sunburning
Swear	Swore	Sworn	Swearing
Sweat	Sweat/Sweated	Sweat/Sweated	Sweating
Sweep	Swept/Sweeped	Swept/Sweeped	Sweeping
Swell	Swelled	Swollen	Swelling
Swim	Swam	Swum	Swimming
Swing	Swung	Swung	Swinging
Take	Took	Taken	Taking
Teach	Taught	Taught	Teaching
Tear	Tore	Torn	Tearing
Tell	Told	Told	Telling
Think	Thought	Thought	Thinking
Thrive	Throve/Thrived	Thriven/Thrived	Thriving
Throw	Threw	Thrown	Throwing
Thrust	Thrust	Thrust	Thrusting
Tread	Trod	Trodden	Treading
Undergo	Underwent	Undergone	Undergoing
Understand	Understood	Understood	Understanding
Undertake	Undertook	Undertaken	Undertaking
Upsell	Upsold	Upsold	Upselling
Upset	Upset	Upset	Upsetting
Vex	Vext/Vexed	Vext/Vexed	Vexing
Wake	Woke	Woken	Waking
Wear	Wore	Worn	Wearing
Weave	Wove	Woven	Weaving
Wed	Wed/Wedded	Wed/Wedded	Wedding
Weep	Wept	Wept	Weeping
Wend	Wended/Went	Wended/Went	Wending
Wet	Wet/Wetted	Wet/Wetted	Wetting
Win	Won	Won	Winning
Wind	Wound	Wound	Winding
Withdraw	Withdrew	Withdrawn	Withdrawing
Withhold	Withheld	Withheld	Withholding
Withstand	Withstood	Withstood	Withstanding
Wring	Wrung	Wrung	Wringing
Write	Wrote	Written	Writing
Zinc	Zinced/Zincked	Zinced/Zincked	Zincking

Sumber : http://www.usingenglish.com/reference/irregular-verbs/

Berikut beberapa catatan saya tentang penggunaan verbs tersebut

Verb 1 (infinitive/present simple)

Infinitive atau verb 1 merupakan kata kerja dapat digunakan untuk mengungkapkan pekerjaan yang dilakukan pada masa sekarang/ atau pekerjaan yang dilakukan secara rutin, berikut beberapa tempat penggunaan verb ini:

Mengungkapkan pekerjaan yang dilakukan pada masa sekarang / secara rutin

Sebagai contoh:

1. Andi goes to school everyday
2. Iwan and I read a newspaper in the office

Jika verb di dahului oleh kata kerja modal (can, must, will, could, ought to, would, have to)

Sebagai contoh:

1. You must go now to my house
2. Andy will book the ticket tomorrow
3. I would go when you came yesterday

Verb 2 (Past simple)

Past simple digunakan untuk mengungkapkan pekerjaan atau perbuatan yang telah dilakukan masa lampau, dan penggunaan Verb 2 hanya terbatas untuk mengungkapkan kegiatan masa lampau,

Contoh penggunaan verb 2 adalah sebagai beriikut:

1. Andy and his friends went to Senggigi beach yesterday
2. Maulana wrote his paper one hour ago

Verb 3 (Past participle)

Past participle digunakan untuk menyatakan pekerjaan yang sudah lampau dan masih dikerjakan hingga sekarang. Berikut beberapa tempat penggunaan verb 3:

Mengungkapkan pekerjaan masa lampau dan masih dikerjakan hingga sekarang

Untuk menggunakan past participle pada kondisi ini, maka membutuhkan tambahan kata kerja auxiliary (have/has, had). Berikut beberapa contoh penggunaannya:

1. I had gone to Gili Air when you came to my house
2. I have drawn this picture for three hours
3. He has been sitting there for five hours 

Mengungkapkan kalimat pasif (passive voice)

Penggunaan verb 3 untuk passive voice membutuhkan tambahan kata kerja auxiliary (am, is, are, was, were). Berikut beberapa contoh penggunaan V3 untuk passive voice:

1. I was visited by her last night
2. You are invited by him to discussion session

Verb 4 (Present participle/gerund)

Present participle digunakan untuk mengungkapkan pekerjaan yang sedang berlangsung saat ini/pekerjaan yang sedang dikerjakan untuk menggunakan present participle ini dibutuhkan tambahan kata kerja auxiliary (am, is, are, were, was, be, been). berikut contoh penggunaan present participle

1. She is reading a book in the library 
2. They are waiting for you now

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